{"id":160128,"date":"2024-10-17T10:49:39","date_gmt":"2024-10-17T08:49:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/concentrol.com\/particle-size-effect-on-wax-emulsions\/"},"modified":"2024-10-21T10:55:15","modified_gmt":"2024-10-21T08:55:15","slug":"efecte-de-la-mida-de-les-particules-en-les-emulsions-de-cera","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hosting175685eu-cp704.wordpresstemporal.com\/ca\/efecte-de-la-mida-de-les-particules-en-les-emulsions-de-cera\/","title":{"rendered":"Efecte de la mida de les part\u00edcules en les emulsions de cera"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text uncode_shortcode_id=\u00bb703790″]<\/p>\n

1. Introducci\u00f3<\/h3>\n

El terme \u00abemulsi\u00f3 de cera\u00bb pot ser una mica conf\u00fas, ja que en realitat es tracta d\u2019una dispersi\u00f3 de part\u00edcules s\u00f2lides de cera en una fase cont\u00ednua d\u2019aigua. L\u2019emulsi\u00f3 pr\u00f2piament dita (definida com la barreja de dos l\u00edquids immiscibles) nom\u00e9s existeix quan la cera es troba en estat fos, en el moment en qu\u00e8 es forma l\u2019emulsi\u00f3 a alta temperatura. Com s’ha esmentat anteriorment, una emulsi\u00f3 de cera ha de ser estabilitzada, ja sigui mitjan\u00e7ant emulsificants no i\u00f2nics (mecanisme est\u00e8ric), emulsificants i\u00f2nics (mecanisme electrost\u00e0tic) o una combinaci\u00f3 d\u2019ambd\u00f3s tipus, per obtenir els beneficis dels dos mecanismes de estabilitzaci\u00f3. A m\u00e9s, es poden afegir altres ingredients, com ara electr\u00f2lits, espessidors o conservants, per ajudar a mantenir la dispersi\u00f3 estable.<\/p>\n

Les emulsions de cera s\u00f3n \u00e0mpliament utilitzades com a additius en diverses aplicacions industrials. Serveixen per controlar la processabilitat dels productes o per millorar les propietats dels recobriments que es fan servir per protegir superf\u00edcies de la fricci\u00f3 o de l’exposici\u00f3 a la humitat. Les propietats fonamentals de les ceres es basen en la seva composici\u00f3 qu\u00edmica, el punt de fusi\u00f3 i la seva polaritat.<\/p>\n

Quan es desenvolupa una emulsi\u00f3 per a un \u00fas espec\u00edfic, la mida de les part\u00edcules de cera \u00e9s un factor crucial. Per modificar les propietats t\u00e0ctils, \u00e9s essencial que les part\u00edcules de cera sobresurtin de la capa de recobriment, cosa que requereix una mida de part\u00edcula superior al gruix de la pel\u00b7l\u00edcula. No obstant aix\u00f2, les part\u00edcules grans poden provocar defectes en la pel\u00b7l\u00edcula o fallades en el producte. En canvi, una mida de part\u00edcula molt petita assegura una incorporaci\u00f3 homog\u00e8nia en la formulaci\u00f3, maximitzant els efectes desitjats i evitant defectes en el recobriment. A m\u00e9s, es mantenen els acabats de gran brillantor.<\/p>\n

Concentrol ofereix solucions espec\u00edfiques per a problemes concrets, gr\u00e0cies al nostre coneixement expert en la producci\u00f3 d\u2019emulsions de cera. Durant el proc\u00e9s d\u2019emulsificaci\u00f3, es pot controlar el rang de mida de les part\u00edcules per complir amb especificacions precises. El cas que es presenta a continuaci\u00f3 \u00e9s un bon exemple de com es pot ajustar la mida de les part\u00edcules en una emulsi\u00f3 de cera a base de polietil\u00e8.<\/p>\n

2. <\/b>Procediment d\u2019emulsificaci\u00f3<\/b><\/h3>\n

Per demostrar el concepte, hem utilitzat la formulaci\u00f3 EMULTROL EPH, una emulsi\u00f3 de cera de polietil\u00e8 no i\u00f2nica\/ani\u00f3nica a base d’aigua. A causa del seu alt punt de fusi\u00f3, la cera nom\u00e9s es pot emulsionar sota pressi\u00f3 en un sistema tancat. A m\u00e9s, es va utilitzar la t\u00e8cnica d\u2019emulsificaci\u00f3 indirecta, ja que permet obtenir emulsions d’alta qualitat amb la m\u00e0xima consist\u00e8ncia. Aquesta t\u00e8cnica d\u2019emulsificaci\u00f3 per diluci\u00f3 implica crear inicialment una emulsi\u00f3 de cera i tensioactiu amb un alt contingut s\u00f2lid, retenint una part de l\u2019aigua. Aix\u00f2 permet una millor i m\u00e9s uniforme formaci\u00f3 de micel\u00b7les. No obstant aix\u00f2, el proc\u00e9s requereix dos recipients a pressi\u00f3 per fabricar l\u2019emulsi\u00f3.<\/p>\n

El procediment seguit va ser el seg\u00fcent: es va introduir cera de polietil\u00e8 en un reactor autoclau juntament amb l’emulsificant no i\u00f2nic, un \u00e0lcali, disulfit de sodi i part de l\u2019aigua a temperatura ambient. Despr\u00e9s es va tancar l\u2019autoclau i es va escalfar a 125-135 \u00b0C mentre es remenava, mantenint aquesta temperatura durant 30 minuts. Tot seguit, es va injectar la segona part de l’aigua, pr\u00e8viament escalfada a 100 \u00b0C, sota pressi\u00f3. Finalment, es va refredar r\u00e0pidament fins a temperatura ambient mitjan\u00e7ant refredament de xoc per assegurar els millors resultats. S’hauria d’afegir un conservant per millorar la vida \u00fatil de l\u2019emulsi\u00f3.<\/p>\n

3. Resultat\u00a0<\/b><\/h3>\n

El tipus i la concentraci\u00f3 del tensioactiu s\u00f3n factors cr\u00edtics que influeixen en la mida i estabilitat de les gotes de cera en la fase aquosa cont\u00ednua. A la Figura 1 es poden veure les diferents emulsions d\u2019EMULTROL EPH obtingudes variant la quantitat d\u2019emulsificant. Es va utilitzar el mateix tensioactiu en totes les mostres, per\u00f2 la concentraci\u00f3 es va reduir progressivament de la mostra A a la C.<\/p>\n

<\/h3>\n

Figura 1<\/strong> – EMULTROL EPH amb diferents mides de part\u00edcula<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Com s’ha mencionat anteriorment, les emulsions consten d’una fase dispersa i una fase cont\u00ednua, amb una interfase que separa les dues fases. Normalment, les emulsions apareixen t\u00e8rboles o blanques, ja que la llum es dispersa a trav\u00e9s de les interfases dels components de la barreja. No obstant aix\u00f2, les microemulsions i nanoemulsions, amb una mida de gota inferior a 100 nm, s\u00f3n transl\u00facides. Aix\u00f2 es deu al fet que les ones de llum nom\u00e9s es dispersen si les gotes superen aproximadament una quarta part de la longitud d\u2019ona de la llum incident. Com que l\u2019espectre visible de la llum es troba entre els 390 i 750 nm, si la mida de les gotes de l\u2019emulsi\u00f3 \u00e9s inferior a 100 nm, la llum pot travessar-la sense ser dispersada. Aquesta singularitat \u00e9s clarament visible en l\u2019emulsi\u00f3 A de la Figura 1, i es confirma amb les mesures de la mida de les part\u00edcules mostrades a la Figura 2.<\/p>\n

Figura 2<\/strong> – Mesures del di\u00e0metre de part\u00edcules de les emulsions A, B i C<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

A m\u00e9s, quan l’emulsi\u00f3 es dilueix, la llum blava de longitud d\u2019ona curta es dispersa m\u00e9s, fent que l\u2019emulsi\u00f3 aparegui amb un to m\u00e9s blau. Aquest fenomen \u00e9s conegut com l\u2019\u00bbEfecte Tyndall\u00bb. En canvi, si l\u2019emulsi\u00f3 \u00e9s prou concentrada, la llum es distorsiona cap a longituds d\u2019ona m\u00e9s llargues, fent que aparegui amb un to m\u00e9s groguenc. Aquesta peculiaritat es pot observar a la Figura 3, on les emulsions A i B es van diluir al 10% de la seva concentraci\u00f3 original en aigua desionitzada (A\u2019 i B\u2019, respectivament).<\/p>\n

Figura 3<\/strong> – Aparen\u00e7a de les emulsions originals A i B i les seves dilucions al 10% A\u2019 i B\u2019<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/b><\/h3>\n

<\/h3>\n

4.<\/b>Beneficis de controlar la mida de les part\u00edcules<\/b><\/h3>\n

Les emulsions s\u00f3n inherentment inestables i necessiten energia per formar-se. Amb el temps, tendeixen a separar-se en fases estables. Per aix\u00f2, els emulsificants s’utilitzen per reduir la tensi\u00f3 superficial interfacial i estabilitzar l’emulsi\u00f3. Les microemulsions s\u00f3n estables termodin\u00e0micament, mentre que les nanoemulsions transl\u00facides s\u00f3n estables cin\u00e8ticament.<\/p>\n

En els sistemes de vern\u00eds i pintura, les part\u00edcules de cera formen una xarxa que redueix la sedimentaci\u00f3 dels agents matitzants (anti-brillantor), millorant aix\u00ed el seu efecte mat. La mida de les part\u00edcules de cera tamb\u00e9 afecta el grau de brillantor del recobriment.<\/p>\n

No obstant aix\u00f2, una mida de part\u00edcula excessivament fina pot reduir l’efic\u00e0cia de la cera com a additiu en el recobriment. Perqu\u00e8 la cera funcioni correctament, les part\u00edcules han de sobresortir de la superf\u00edcie del recobriment. Les part\u00edcules petites tenen menys probabilitats de fer-ho, especialment en recobriments pigmentats. En aplicacions on la permeabilitat o la transpar\u00e8ncia s\u00f3n crucials (com ara en acabats de fibres o aplicacions de poliment), pot ser recomanable una emulsi\u00f3 amb part\u00edcules molt petites.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

5. <\/b>Conclusions<\/b><\/h3>\n

L’elecci\u00f3 de l’emulsificant \u00e9s essencial en la formulaci\u00f3 d’emulsions, ja que exerceix un paper clau tant en la formaci\u00f3 com en l’estabilitzaci\u00f3 de l’emulsi\u00f3. La selecci\u00f3 de l’emulsificant dep\u00e8n de les caracter\u00edstiques del producte final, la metodologia de preparaci\u00f3 de l’emulsi\u00f3, les propietats qu\u00edmiques i f\u00edsiques de cada fase, i la pres\u00e8ncia d’altres components funcionals a la mescla.<\/p>\n

Un cop escollit l’emulsificant, la seva concentraci\u00f3 influeix significativament en totes les propietats de l’emulsi\u00f3, com ara l’estabilitat, la distribuci\u00f3 de la mida de les gotes, la tensi\u00f3 superficial i interfacial, la capacitat de mullat, la viscositat, entre d\u2019altres. En aquest article hem demostrat que la concentraci\u00f3 de l’emulsificant est\u00e0 estretament relacionada amb la mida de les part\u00edcules de l’emulsi\u00f3. La seva efic\u00e0cia augmenta quan es fa servir una major quantitat de tensioactiu, donant lloc a part\u00edcules m\u00e9s petites. Amb aquest objectiu, hem utilitzat l’emulsi\u00f3 EMULTROL EPH, i variant la quantitat d’emulsificant, hem obtingut diferents mides de part\u00edcules. Com a resultat, les emulsions presenten una aparen\u00e7a clarament diferenciada.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text uncode_shortcode_id=\u00bb703790″] 1. Introducci\u00f3 El terme \u00abemulsi\u00f3 de cera\u00bb pot ser una mica conf\u00fas, ja que en realitat es tracta […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":36,"featured_media":160120,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[189],"tags":[1123,138],"class_list":["post-160128","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-additives-en-2","tag-coatings-2","tag-pintures"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nEfecte de la mida de les part\u00edcules en les emulsions de cera - Concentrol<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Concentrol is committed to offer the ideal solution in Silicone Surfactant Additives, specially developed for water-based systems.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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